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Apostasies and Jihads

Robert Fogel's Phases of the Four Great Awakenings are very similar to Strauss and Howe's Turnings in History. The historical cycle chart I would like to focus on, though, is Increase Mather's hypothetical response to the Fogel Paradigm (courtesy of John B. Carpenter):

Phases Apostasy Jihad New Status Quo
1675 - 1750 First Great Apostasy Decline of zeal; collapse of "Indian" mission; I. Mather out of Harvard; "Great Apostasy" at Yale; Anglicization "Reforming Synod"; Colman and Stoddard reconcile with Mathers; volunteer societies; network of piety; Stoddard's "harvests", Hampshire Association; Great Awakening Puritans required to tolerate Quakers, Baptists, and Anglicans; Harvard more latitudinarian; ministers' authority increasingly confined to religion
1770 - 1803 Second Great Apostasy Resistance to revival of Puritanism; Arminianism; Universalism, Unitarianism take Harvard J. Edwards's reputation grows; Separates and Baptists grow; Baptists take Puritanism south; the New Divinity; T. Dwight at Yale; "Second Awakening" Unitarian breakaway; moral slump addressed; "Second Awakening" begins era of evangelical culture; rise of Methodism
1890 - 1950 Third Great Apostasy Shift from personal to social sin; more secular interpretation of the Bible and creeds; "higher Biblical criticism", mostly from Germany Pentecostalism; fundamentalism and neo-evangelicalism; reassertion of the personal content of the Bible, personal sin; Billy Graham and Fuller Theological Seminary Evangelical vs. liberal battles; dispensationalism; evangelicals retreat from public life; Pentecostals and Southern Baptists (SBC) feel distinct from evangelicals
1965 -???? Fourth Great Apostacy "Great Disruption"; European existentialism; rejection of traditional morality; homosexuals ordained; Fuller reneges; Clinton not excommunicated; CT considering "limited god" theology H. Lindsell's "Battle for the Bible"; moves in PC(USA) and Methodists to bar homosexual ordination; conservative churches grow; conservative resurgence in SBC; home-schooling movement; "Promise Keepers" Third-world Christianity comes to USA; division of evangelicals between social conservatives (Pat Robertson, SBC) & social liberals ("evangelical feminists", Tony Campolo)?
Is the "American Experiment" really just the declension of the Puritan ideal? First, the theocentricity is dropped and just the ethics kept, then finally the ethics themselves are dropped.



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